The Sextant Conference (also known as the Cairo Conference) was held in Cairo, Egypt, from November 22 to 26, 1943. The three main participants were President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British prime minister Winston S. Churchill, and Chinese leader Chiang Kai-shek. The primary topic under consideration for the Allies was planning for the defeat of Japan.
The Eureka Conference (also called the Tehran Conference) met from November 28 to December 1, 1943, in Tehran, Iran. This conference marked the first time that the Big Three—Roosevelt, Churchill, and Soviet premier Joseph Stalin—had assembled. The main focus of their discussions was the Allied invasion of northern France (Operation Overlord) to open a second front in Europe in the late spring or early summer of 1944.
The Second Cairo Conference, also held in Egypt, lasted from December 2 to 7. In addition the CCS, Churchill and Roosevelt were joined by Turkish president Ismet Inönü for several of the sessions. Operation Overlord again dominated the discussions. For the Pacific campaign, operations in Southeast Asia were a key topic at this conference.
The Sextant, Eureka, and Second Cairo Conferences were three in a series of high-level conferences held by the US and British leaders in Washington, DC; Casablanca; Quebec; Cairo; Tehran; Malta; Yalta; and Potsdam to formulate the Allied grand strategy. At the Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam conferences, the Soviet leader Stalin was also in attendance and played an important role.
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